are known for their ability to remove metals due to the presence of polysaccharides in their cells which make easy adsorption of heavy metals. In 1970, Mellon and colleagues first introduced ED in the leather industry to remove electrolytes from salted or pickled hides (Bernardes et al. These pollutants returned to the earth’s surface as fog or mist or acid rain which affects aquatic life, vegetation, and human health (Das et al. Bioremediation consists of two parts: “bios” means life and “remediate” means to solve the problems. Hydrogen and oxygen bubbles are generated at the cathode and anode respectively (Mickova 2015). 2014; Wang et al.
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Apart from surface water pollution, groundwaters are also contaminated by Cr-related industrial activities (Belay 2010; Swathanthra and Rao 2014; Kowalski 1994; Dokken 1999). In 1889, wastewater treatment using electricity was first planned in UK and the application of electrolysis in mineral beneficiation was patented by Elmore in 1904. 60 and 85. Maximum 76. For simplicity and cost-effectiveness, adsorption plays an important role in the treatment of wastewater (Malik et al.
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2010), etc. , Saccharomyces spp. As a result, waste tea leaves is also gaining grounds as an adsorbent due to its potential for the treatment of wastewater. 2008).
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Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. used calcium carbonate (CaCO3), ammonium aluminium sulphate [NH4Al(SO4)2], aluminium sulphate [Al2(SO4)2], and sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) coagulants which were immobilized into bead form using sodium alginate to treat tannery effluent. 2018)Tannery effluents were collected from a tannery outlet as well as from a drain near the Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology (ILET) under the University of Dhaka located at Hazaribagh Area of Dhaka City Corporation in November 2016.
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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. In the name of urbanization and industrialization, people on Earth are polluting the Earth’s blood that is water. Another study utilized liquid membrane in electrodialysis process for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution and obtained about 90% removal (Sadyrbaeva 2016). Most of the elements fall into this group are highly water-soluble, toxic and carcinogenic agents (Gunatilake 2015a). Tea has become an essential drink in our life.
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Specification of the residual Cr following alkaline precipitation can show a significant guide for the selection and design of additional treatment processes (Mwinyikione 2010). 2013)Some industrial activities generate pollutants that adversely affect the entire environments. Iron and aluminium are usually used as anodes. , Scenedesmus sp.
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In this process, ions are separated through an ion exchange membrane with the help of applied electrical potential between the anode and cathode (Bernardes et al. Again, advanced treatment techniques, such as ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electrocoagulation, membrane filtration, and electrodialysis are effective for removing Cr(VI), but these are expensive and produce concentrated wastes that require subsequent treatment and disposal (Komori et al. Coagulation and flocculation play a prevalent role in various water and wastewater treatments. Phytostabilization Contaminants are stabilized in the roots or within the rhizosphere, and therefore, they retained in the soil. Groundwater may take a lengthy time to purify itself owing to its slow movement and out of contact with air (Jahan et al.
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; Bhutta, O. This mixture precipitates Cr much quicker than the This Site due to the bridging capability of Ca2+ and Mg2+ (Guo et al. ; Abrar, M. edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Kongsricharoem and Polprasert used electrochemical precipitation process to remove Cr+6 from electroplating wastewater having initial concentration 215–3860 mg/l.
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org/10. A novel process, namely, Ion Exchange REcovery of CHROMmium(IERECHROM), was developed by Petruzzelli et al. , from various industrial wastewater (Tripathi and Rawat Ranjan 2015). However, process like adsorption is very economical, simple, effective, and versatile. Freundlich isotherm of spent tea wasteThe Langmuir equation was used to describe the data derived from the adsorption of Cr from the wastewater shown in Fig.
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, Penicillium spp. 2018)Here adsorbent dose of 14 g/l (optimum dose) was taken fixed for different time periods (30–180 min) and shaking the solution. .